Statoil spennt fyrir breskri vindorku

Statoil-Hywind-Scotland-1Norska olķufyrirtękiš Statoil hefur į lišnum įrum fjįrfest sķfellt meira ķ vindorkuverum. Žar er um aš ręša nżtingu vindorku utan viš ströndina, ž.e. ķ sjó. Og nś hyggst Statoil byggja fyrsta fljótandi vindorkuveriš, utan viš strönd Skotlands.

Fyrsta vindorkuveriš sem Statoil, ķ samstarfi viš norska Statkraft, byggši var Sheringham Shoal. Sem liggur um 20 km utan viš strönd Norfolk į Englandi. Žarna voru į įrunum 2009-2011 settar ķ sjó 88 turnar, hver um sig meš hverfil meš 3.6 MW afl.

Samtals eru žetta žvķ 317 MW og aš sögn Statoil er raforkuframleišslan um 1,100 GWst į įri. Sem samsvarar raforkunotkun um 220 žśsund breskra heimila. Til samanburšar mį nefna aš Blönduvirkjun er 150 MW og framleišir nįlęgt 1.000 GWst įrlega. Žar er raforkuframleišslan pr. MW žvķ um eša rśmlega helmingi meiri, sem sżnir hagkvęmni vatnsafls umfram vindorku (auk žess sem vatnsafliš er miklu jafnari og fyrirsjįanlegri orkugjafi).

Statoil-Hywind-Scotland-mapEn nś i byrjun nóvember įkvaš Statoil aš taka vindorkuna skrefi lengra og reisa fyrsta fljótandi vindorkuveriš. Žetta er 30 MW tilraunaverkefni, sem samanstendur af fimm risastórum vindmyllum sem eru hver um sig meš 6 MW uppsett afl. Verkefniš nefnist Hywind Scotland og stašsetningin er um 25 km utan viš austurströnd Skotlands. Sjįvardżpiš žar er um og yfir 100 m og žess vegna alltof dżrt aš ętla sér aš lįta turnana standa į hafsbotni. Žess ķ staš verša žeir fljótandi! Og festir viš hafsbotninn meš svipušum ętti eins og fljótandi olķuborpallar, ž.e. meš sérhönnušum akkerum.

Žarna er um a ręša śtfęrslu sem menn hafa veriš aš žróa į lišnum įrum. Meš žvķ aš koma vindmyllunum fjęr ströndinni (žar sem dżpiš er jafnan óhjįkvęmilega meira) nęst betri nżting vegna jafnari og meiri vinda. Žar meš veršur kostnašur per framleidda orkueiningu lęgri. Įętlanir Statoil gera rįš fyrir aš kostnašur pr. framleidda MWst hjį Hywind Scotland verši sem samsvarar um 130-150 USD. Ķ dag er almennt įlitiš aš kostnašur vegna vindorku sem framleidd er utan viš ströndina sé aš lįgmarki um 170-180 USD/MWst, ž.a. aš žarna er vonast eftir allt aš 30% meiri hagkvęmni en nś žekkist ķ žessari tegund raforkuframleišslu.

Statoil-Hywind-Scotland-2Hęšin į turnunum veršur allt aš 200 m og žar af um helmingurinn nešansjįvar. Žvermįl blašanna veršur allt aš 160 m, ž.a. aš ķ efstu stöšu mun vindmyllan nį um 180 m hęš yfir sjįvarmįli. Til samanburšar žį er Hallgrķmskirkja rétt rśmir 70 m hį og Big Ben ķ London um 100 m. Žetta er sem sagt grķšarlega mikiš mannvirki.

Žarna er um aš ręša mjög athyglisvert tilraunverkefni, sem į aš geta framleitt raforku sem fullnęgir orkužörf um 20 žśsund breskra heimila. Eins og įšur sagši veršur uppsett afl Hywind Scotland samtals 30 MW. Hjį Statoil eru menn bjartsżnir um aš raforkuframleišsla af žessu tagi - meš stórum fljótandi vindrafstöšvum - verši oršin töluvert umsvifamikil innan ekki mjög fjarlęgrar framtķšar.

Statoil-Hywind-and-helicopterĮętlaš er aš raforkuframleišslan žarna verši komin į fullt įriš 2017. Gangi žetta vel mį bśast viš aš Statoil geti oršiš leišandi ķ uppsetningu og rekstri vindorkuvera af žessu tagi. Žannig horfa Noršmenn til tękifęra framtķšarinnar. Og ekki annaš hęgt en aš dįšst aš žrautseigju žeirra og hugkvęmni, en verkefniš er ķ beinu framhaldi af stefnumótun Statoil ķ vindorku og tilraunum meš slķka fljótandi vindrafstöš skammt utan viš Stavanger.

Kostnašurinn viš žetta 30 MW verkefni er įętlašur um 4 milljaršar norskra króna. Sem er all svakalegt, žegar haft er ķ huga aš žaš merkir aš hvert MW kostar žį rśmlega 7 milljónir USD. Žaš merkir aš kostnašurinn žarna er margfaldur į viš žaš sem kostar aš virkja ķslenskt vatnsafl eša jaršvarma (žar sem nżtingin er miklu meiri). Enda er jś gert rįš fyrir aš kostnašur į framleidda MWst verši um fimm sinnum meiri hjį Hywind Scotlannd en gerist og gengur ķ nżjum virkjunum hér į landi.

Mestu skiptir žó aš sjįlfsögšu aš kostnašurinn žarna gęti oršiš mun lęgri en almennt er ķ vindorku utan viš ströndina ķ dag. Og algerlega naušsynlegt aš rįšast ķ verkefni af žessu tagi til aš lįta reyna į hvort auka megi verulega framleišslu į endurnżjanlegri orku meš ódżrari hętti en almennt žekkist ķ Evrópu ķ dag. 


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Athugasemdir

1 Smįmynd: Ketill Sigurjónsson

Grein hjį Platts um sama efni frį 1. des:
http://blogs.platts.com/2015/12/01/hope-offshore-power-afloat-wind-turbines/

Keeping the hope for more offshore power afloat with wind turbines

By Ross McCracken | December 1, 2015 12:01 AM 

The evolution of floating wind turbines mirrors almost exactly that of offshore oil exploration and production structures. Norwegian oil company Statoil’s decision to build the first floating wind farm represents a carbon risk hedge in an area in which it can deploy its considerable offshore expertise. If costs can be reduced, floating wind farms would hugely expand the exploitable wind resource. Ross McCracken, managing editor of Platts’ Energy Economist, explains.

Wind energy is developing a new avenue of expansion, one which should hugely increase the technically, and possibly economically, exploitable wind resource. Wind is going further offshore.

The problem to date has been that further offshore means deeper water and bigger foundations, raising costs, but the industry needs to move in precisely the opposite direction and reduce costs. However, the oil and gas industry has already confronted and resolved this dilemma, moved from fixed platforms to semi-submersibles and then, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico, to spars.

These are huge structures, which use a central, floating, ballasted cylinder to provide stability. The Gulf of Mexico now hosts some 52 permanent deepwater structures in water depths of between 300 to 2,500 meters.

This technology is being applied to offshore wind. Norwegian oil company Statoil is to build a 30 MW floating wind farm off Scotland, using a spar structure, while the WindFloat consortium plans a 25 MW farm off Portugal using a semi-submersible design. Both are based on successful demonstration projects, which used ‘off the shelf’ turbines of 2.3 MW and 2.0 MW respectively. The larger planned farms will use 5-6 MW turbines and will be the first floating wind farms in the world. Completion is expected in 2017/18.

Scaling up turbine size reduces costs, but floating wind turbines have additional potential for cost reduction. Production and installation of the substructure of a conventional offshore wind turbine represents up to 20% of the total cost. Floating wind turbines can be fully constructed onshore and in sheltered conditions, which should facilitate factory line production and assembly. Towing out to site fully assembled reduces offshore operations and allows for the turbine to be brought back to shore for maintenance if required.

Given the expectation that wind turbine size will continue rising to at least 10 MW, offshore wind has considerable cost reduction potential on top of the gains already made. Moreover, floating turbine technology would allow wind farms to be sited in water depths of between 50 and 226 meters, compared to the current limitation of grounded substructures of 40-50 meters. So – potentially at least – lower costs and more sites, suggesting wind energy has a lot more to give.

Ketill Sigurjónsson, 2.12.2015 kl. 22:47

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